玉米-大豆带状套作下玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量形成的影响

通过田间试验, 以大豆单作为对照，设置登海605/贡选1号(RI₁)、川单418/贡选1号(RI₂)、雅玉13/贡选1号(RI₃)3种玉米 大豆带状套作种植模式，研究了玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量的影响.结果表明： RI₂和RI₃处理大豆的积累速率低于RI₁处理，且RI₁处理大豆叶片、茎秆和荚果的干物质积累量分别比RI₂和RI₃处理高17.6%、16.5%、13.7%和34.6%、33.1%、28.4%.带状套作大豆叶片、茎秆的分配比例均以RI₁处理最高、RI₂处理其次、RI₃处理最低，而荚果分配比例的变化趋势与其相反.与RI₂和RI₃处理相比，RI_1处理显著提高了大豆营养器官(叶+茎)干物质向荚果的转运量、转移率及其对荚果的贡献率，RI₁处理大豆的单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、单株粒质量和产量分别比RI₂和RI₃处理提高了6.8%、11.5%、4.4%、15.9%、15.6%和14.3%、22.2%、6.7%、33.4%、36.8%.带状套作大豆营养器官干物质的积累速率、转运量、转移率和贡献率与产量及产量的构成呈显著正相关，且均以RI_1处理最高，实现了紧凑型玉米对带状套作大豆干物质积累、转运和分配的有效调控，促进了产量的提高.

Effects of maize plant types on dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of soybean in maize soybean intercropping systems.

In order to explore the effects of maize plant types on dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean, a field experiment was conducted in 2013, including three maize soybean relay strip intercropping systems. The relay strip intercropping systems were designed as soybean (Gongxuan 1) intercropped with Denghai 605 (RI₁), Chuandan 418 (RI₂) or Yayu 13 (RI₃), and the mono cultured soybean was used as control. The results demonstrated that the dry matter accumulation rates of intercropped soybean in RI₂ and RI₃ treatments were lower than in RI₁ treatment, and the leaf, stem and pod dry matter accumulation of intercropped soybean in RI₁ treatment was 17.6%, 16.5% and 13.7% higher than that in RI₂ treatment, and 34.6%, 33.1% and 28.4% higher than that in RI₃ treatment, respectively. The distribution proportion of leaf and stem of intercropped soybean was in the order of RI1 > RI2 > RI3. However, the trend of the distribution proportion of pod was opposite. Compared with RI₂ and RI3, the dry matter translocation amount, translocation proportion, contribution proportion of soybean vegetative organs to pod of soybean were improved in RI₁ treatment, and the pod per plant, seeds per plant, seeds per pod, yield per plant and yield of soybean in RI₁ were higher than RI₂ and RI₃ by 6.8%, 11.5%, 4.4%, 15.9%, 15.6% and 14.3%, 22.2%, 6.7%, 33.4%, 36.8%, respectively. The results showed that the yield was positively rela ted with the accumulation rate of dry matter, dry matter translocation, dry matter translocation ratio and the contribution of dry matter accumulation, and these indices were highest in RI₁ treatment. The results indicated that the compact maize relay intercropped with soybean could effectively regulate the dry matter accumulation, translocation and distribution, and improve the yield of soybean.