城市黑臭水体形成机理与评价方法研究进展

黑臭水体是水体污染的一种极端现象.造成黑臭水体的主要污染源包括有机污染物、底泥再悬浮以及水体热污染,城市水循环条件不足是引起黑臭水体的水动力学因素.从黑臭形成化学机理看,致黑物质主要包括悬浮物、Fe、S元素及其化合物FeS;致臭物质主要包括H₂S、NH₃等小分子气体以及硫醚类(VOSCs)、乔司脒和2-二甲基异莰醇等化合物.本文重点从黑臭评价指标、黑臭指数法、多元线性回归模型以及综合评价法4个方面对黑臭水体评价方法进行对比与总结,并对未来城市黑臭水体研究进行展望,旨在进一步明确城市黑臭水体判别技术,为城市水环境治理和水生态维护提供依据.

Formation mechanism and assessment method for urban black and odorous water body: A review

Black and odorous (B&O) water body reflects very typical serious water pollution related to organic pollution, sediment re-suspension and thermal pollution. Also, the insufficiency of water cycle is one of the most important hydrodynamic factors for formatting B&O water body. The blackening substances mainly include suspended particles, Fe- and S-containing substances; the odour causing substances include the small molecule gases such as H₂S, NH₃ and some compounds such as VOSCs, Geosmin and 2-MBI. Evaluation methods of B&O water were summarized from the evaluation index, B&O index, multiple linear regression model and comprehensive evaluation method in this paper. Correspondingly, the relative research direction in the future was discussed. All these works not only defined the identifying technology for urban B&O water body, but also would further support the water environment improvement and ecological recovery in urban region.