北方旱作区沟垄二元覆盖技术研究进展

北方旱作区降水稀少,水分不足是限制作物生长的主要因素,沟垄二元覆盖技术可进一步提高降水的利用效率和作物生产水平,在国内外已备受关注.为深刻理解中国北方旱作区沟垄二元覆盖技术模式及研究进展,本文就沟垄二元覆盖技术的概念、研究现状、配套农机具、技术模式及其土壤生态与作物效应进行了综述;在总结现有研究的基础上,归纳了典型旱作区沟垄二元覆盖技术模式的类型、作业操作及应用效果;科学评价不同沟垄二元覆盖技术下土壤与作物的生态效应;指出了目前沟垄二元覆盖技术研究中所存在的问题,并提出相应的建议.综合国内外沟垄集雨栽培技术的研究进展,提出沟垄二元覆盖模式及技术体系今后的重点研究方向:1)建立适合北方不同旱作类型区及不同作物的垄沟比;2)重视土壤水分与温度、肥力等其他因子耦合性研究;3)探索最佳环保型覆盖材料;4)加强沟垄二元覆盖模式及体系的技术评价、技术推广与配套机具设计等方面的研究.

Research progress on the dual-mulching of ridge and furrow technology in dry farming regions of northern China: A review.

The precipitation exiguity and water deficiency are the major factors limiting crop growth in dry farming regions of northern China. Dual-mulching of ridges and furrows, which have been widely concerned both domestically and internationally, could increase the utilization efficiency of precipitation and crop yield. In this paper, we reviewed the concept and model of dual-mulching of ridges and furrows, its supporting farm machinery and implements as well as its ecological effects on soil and crops. Based on the current research progress of cultivation techniques using harvested rainfall in ridge and furrow, priority of future research aspects of the dual-mulching of ridges and furrows were suggested as follows: 1) to establish the suitable ridge-furrow ratios for different crops in different types of dry farming regions of northern China; 2) to pay more attention to the study of coupling effects of soil moisture with temperature, fertility and other factors; 3) to explore better environment-friendly mulching materials; 4) to enhance the research on technical evaluation and popularization, and the design of supporting farm machinery and implements.