溪流潜流层大型无脊椎动物生态学研究进展

溪流潜流层是溪流表层水和地下水相互作用的群落交错区，生物多样性丰富，是溪流生态系统的重要组成部分.大型无脊椎动物位于潜流层食物网的顶层，直接影响着潜流层物质和能量动态，是河流健康潜在的指示生物，调节着潜流层的环境净化和生态缓冲功能，对溪流生态系统发挥着至关重要的作用.潜流层大型无脊椎动物类群按生活史划分为偶入动物、非典型潜流层动物和典型潜流层动物.潜流层孔隙大小、孔隙水流速、溶解氧、温度、可利用的食物源、渗透系数和水力停留时间是影响大型无脊椎动物在潜流层分布的主要因素.对于潜流层这样一个特殊的生态界面，针对不同的研究目的应该选择合适的取样和调查方法.潜流层大型无脊椎动物的生活史和生活史对策，在溪流生态系统物质循环和能量流动中作用的定量化分析，基于潜流层大型无脊椎动物的河流健康评价体系，以及潜流层作为“庇护地”对于大型无脊椎动物分布和进化的生态学意义，都值得进一步关注和深入研究.

Research advances in macroinvertebrate ecology of the stream hyporheic zone.

The stream hyporheic zone is an ecotone of surface water ground water interactions, which is rich in biodiversity, and is an important component of stream ecosystem. The macroinvertebrates, which are at the top of food webs in the hyporheic zone to directly influence the matter and energy dynamics of the hyporheic zone, and are potential indicators of river ecological health to adjust the function of environment purification and ecological buffer. The macroinvertebrates in the hyporheic zone are divided into three categories: stygoxenes, stygophiles and stygobites. The key factors which influenced macroinvertebrates distribution in the hyporheic zone are physical size of interstitial spaces, interstitial current velocity, dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, available organic matter, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic retention time. A suitable sampling method should be used for diverse research purposes in the special ecological interface. In the future, some necessary researches should focus on the life history and life history strategy of the macroinvertebrates in the hyporheic zone, the quantitative analysis on the matter and energy dynamics in the ecological system of stream, the assessment systems of river ecological health based on the macroinvertebrates of the stream hyporheic zone, and the ecological significance of the hyporheic zone as a refuge for distribution and evolution of the macroinvertebrates.