Two carboxyl-terminal activation regions of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 activate NF-kappaB through distinct signaling pathways in fibroblast cell lines |
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Authors: | Saito Naohito Courtois Gilles Chiba Ayako Yamamoto Norio Nitta Takeshi Hironaka Noriko Rowe Martin Yamamoto Naoki Yamaoka Shoji |
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Affiliation: | Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. |
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Abstract: | Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), an Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein, is able to activate NF-kappaB through its carboxyl-terminal activation region 1 (CTAR1) and 2 (CTAR2), but the exact role of each domain is not fully understood. Here we show that LMP1 activates NF-kappaB in different NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO)-defective cell lines, but not in cells lacking both IkappaB kinase 1 (IKK1) and 2 (IKK2). Mutational studies reveal that CTAR1, but not CTAR2, mediates NEMO-independent NF-kappaB activation and that this process largely depends on IKK1. Retroviral expression of LMP1 mutants in cells lacking either functional NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK), NEMO, IKK1, or IKK2 further illustrates distinct signals from the two activation regions of LMP1 for persistent NF-kappaB activation. One originates in CTAR2, operates through the canonical NEMO-dependent pathway, and induces NFKB2 p100 production; the second signal originates in CTAR1, utilizes NIK and IKK1, and induces the processing of p100. Our results thus help clarify how two functional domains of LMP1 persistently activate NF-kappaB through distinct signaling pathways. |
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