哺乳动物精原干细胞的操作技术及应用

精原干细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)具有高度的自我更新能力和分化潜能。精原干细胞移植技术作为精原干细胞研究的重要手段,已成为一种新兴的动物繁殖技术,能够提高雄性动物的生殖能力。该技术是从适龄雄性供体动物中采集精原干细胞,注射入受体动物的生精小管中使其产生精子。通过对精原干细胞的体外培养、遗传修饰及移植等操作,可以为探讨精子的发生机制、重建不育个体的精子发生、生产转基因动物提供新的途径;同时为提高优良品种家畜的生产效率、保护野生动物资源及不育症的治疗提供了一种新的方法;在医学、生物学及动物科学方面有着广泛地应用。通过对培养体系的不断完善,筛选、移植方法的不断改进,可获得更高的移植成功率。本文将从利用精原干细胞法生产转基因动物的优势,精原干细胞的形态特性和增殖分化特性,精原干细胞的移植技术和影响移植效率的关键因素,精原干细胞的体外培养,以及相关操作技术的应用与前景展望等方面做一概述。

Technology and Application of the Mammiferous Spermatogonial Stem Cells

Spermatogonial stem cells have capacities of active self-renewal and differentiation. Transplantation of Spermatogo- nial stem cells, as an important method for the research of SSCs, has become a new technology for the animal reproduction. SSCs are col- lected from donor animal with right age and injected into the seminiferous tubules of the receptor to produce sperm. Culture, manipula- tion and transplant of SSCs present new methods to study the mechanism of spermatogenesis, rebuild of spermatogenesis in infertile indi- vidual and production of transgenic animals. They also offer new approaches to enhance the efficiency of the production of the excellent livestock, protection of the wild animal resources and treatment of the infertile individual. Higher transplant efficiency can be achieved through the improvement of culture system and optimization of transplantation. This review focuses on the advantage of production of the transgene animal with transplantation of SSCs, morphological, proliferated and differentiating characteristics of the SSCs, the keys factors to improve the efficiency of the transplantation, culture of SSCs, and the culture condition in vitro. These technologies show a great appli- cation and perspective in biological science, medicine and animal science.