Associations between leptin and self-rated health in men and women |
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| Authors: | Anna Nixon Andréasson Susanna Jernelöv Robert Szulkin Anna-Lena Undén Kerstin Brismar Mats Lekander |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden;2. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;5. Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;1. University Hospital, Montpellier, MACVIA-LR, région Languedoc-Roussillon, France;2. Geneva University, Immediate EUGMS Past President, Geneva, Switzerland;3. Helsinki University, EUGMS President, Finland;4. NHS24, Glasgow, United Kingdom;5. Chair of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP-AHA), United Kingdom;6. European Commission, Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT), Brussels, Belgium;7. European Commission, Directorate General Health and Consumer (DG Sanco), Head of the Unit Innovation for Health and Consumer, Brussels, Belgium;1. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria;2. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria;3. Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria;4. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria;1. Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;3. Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 125 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, United States;1. Department of Family Medicine, Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria;2. Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria;3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria;4. Department of Family Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria;5. Department of Family Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria;1. Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;2. Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;3. Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;4. Institute for General Practice, Friedrich-Schiller-University Hospital, Jena, Germany;5. Institute for General Practice, Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;6. Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;7. Institute for Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;8. Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany;9. Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany;10. Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;11. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany;12. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany;1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands;2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Background: As an important mediator by which the brain receives information about the body's energy state, leptin may be associated with subjectively perceived health.Objective: The main aim of the present study was to investigate concurrent and prospective associations between leptin and self-rated health (SRH), a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, in a random population sample. An additional aim was to examine whether sick leave was associated with leptin and poor SRH.Methods: In a prospective, population-based cohort study in Sweden, men and women underwent a medical examination in 1998, at which time blood was drawn and participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire concerning demographics, health behavior, and psychosocial factors. In 2000, the participants responded to a second questionnaire sent by postal mail. Spearman rank correlations were used to investigate the relationships between leptin, SRH, sick leave, and background variables. Partial Spearman coefficients were then calculated to investigate the patterns of association between leptin, SRH, and sick leave independent of age, body mass index (BMI), presence of diagnosis, and testosterone or estradiol.Results: A total of 98 men and 104 women, aged 23 to 76 years, and 91 men and 96 women at follow-up, participated in the study. In men, relatively higher levels of leptin were prospectively associated with relatively worse SRH (ρ = 0.20; P = 0.05), but the relationship was not significant in the cross-sectional analysis (ρ = 0.18; P = 0.07). This association was not found in women. When controlling for age, BMI, presence of diagnosis, and testosterone, higher levels of leptin were associated with poor SRH in men in cross-sectional analysis (ρ = 0.27; P < 0.01) but not prospectively. In women, leptin was not associated with SRH in cross-sectional analysis, but relatively higher levels were prospectively associated with better SRH when adjusted for background factors and estradiol (ρ = ?0.26; P < 0.05). SRH was independently associated with future sick leave in both men (ρ = 0.34; P < 0.01) and women (ρ = 0.30; P < 0.05), whereas no association between leptin and future sick leave was found.Conclusions: Contrasting associations were found between men and women in the relationship between leptin and SRH. Based on the finding that higher leptin levels were associated with better SRH in women than in men, along with corroboration from recent studies, we propose that leptin may serve different psychobiological functions in men than in women. |
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