Effects of chronic exposure to ammonia concentrations on brain monoamines and ATPases of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
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| Authors: | Mona M Hegazi Soha S Hasanein |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria;2. Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India;3. College of Fisheries, Central Agriculture University, Agartala, Tripura, India;1. Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran;2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples'' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation;3. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran;4. Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | The effects of chronic exposure to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations on the brain monoamines and ATPases of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings, were studied. The period of exposure was 70 consecutive days, and the initial weight of the fingerlings was 18 ± 2.1 g. In addition to the control, three treatment groups exposed to 2.5 (low), 5 (medium), and 10 (high) mg TAN L?1 concentrations were tested. The unionized ammonia nitrogen (NH3) levels calculated in mg L?1 were 0.059, 0.185, and 0.575 in aquaria at 26 °C. The brain monoamines were serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE), as well as their derivatives, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Compared with the controls, the levels of brain monoamines and Na+/K+- and Ca2+-ATPase activities were not significantly altered in fish exposed to low TAN concentration. However, there was a significant decrease in 5-HT, DA, and NE levels, and a significant increase in both serotonergic (5-HIAA/5-HT) and dopaminergic (DOPAC/DA) activities of fish exposed to medium TAN and high TAN concentrations. The activities of brain Na+/K+- and Ca2+-ATPases of fish exposed to medium TAN and high TAN concentrations significantly increased, while Mg2+-ATPase did not significantly change compared with that of the controls. The quantity of the detected alterations increased in fish exposed to high TAN concentration. |
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