形态学图像处理方法在湿地破碎化格局中的应用

以三江平原沼泽湿地为研究单元,应用形态学图像处理技术在基于像元水平的二元沼泽湿地图上对沼泽湿地类型进行分类,并应用形态学模型和类型统计模型系统分析了三江平原1980-2000年间沼泽湿地景观破碎化的时空变化格局.结果表明,20年间,三江平原沼泽湿地面积由快速下降趋于缓慢下降.核心湿地面积急剧减小,由大面积分布逐步向三江平原东北部的别拉洪河和挠力河流域集中.孔隙湿地面积减小比例最大,目前处于消亡状态,由原来的沼泽湿地内部异质景观向同质景观过渡.核心和孔隙湿地大部分转化为斑块湿地,主要位于三江平原西北部、中部和南部,有逐步取代东北部核心湿地的趋势.边缘湿地面积比例年增长最快,且边缘像元宽度越来越宽,三江平原西部、南部和东部地区的核心湿地几乎全部由边缘湿地取代,易产生一定的边缘效应,导致种群间的竞争更加激烈.

Application of morphological image processing in the study of marsh fragmentation pattern

Taking Sanjiang Plain marsh as a study unit, the morphological image processing was applied to classify the spatial patterns of marshes at pixel level on binary marsh maps, and the morphological module and classification statistic module were used to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of marsh landscape fragmentation in 1980-2000. The results showed that within the 20 years, the overall change tendency of the marsh area in Sanjiang Plain was first decreased rapidly, and then decreased slowly. The area of core marshes was decreased rapidly, from a dispersible spatial pattern to a gradually centralized pattern in the basins of Bielahong and Naoli rivers in northeastern Sanjiang Plain. The perforated marsh area decreased largely and disappeared gradu- ally, and transferred from the original heterogeneous landscape into homogeneous landscape. Most core and perforated marshes were transferred into patch marshes, which were situated in the northwest, central, and south parts of Sanjiang Plain, and had a trend to gradually replace the core marshes in the northeast part of the Plain. The annual growth of edge marshes was the fas- test, and the edge pixel became wider and wider. The core marshes in the west, south, and east parts of Sanjiang Plain were substituted by edge marshes, easily resulting in edge effects and intense inter-species competition.