Complete mitochondrial genome of Membranipora grandicella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) determined with next-generation sequencing: The first representative of the suborder Malacostegina |
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| Authors: | Xin Shen Mei Tian Xueping Meng Huilian Liu Hanliang Cheng Changbao Zhu Fangqing Zhao |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology/College of Marine Science, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China;2. Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;3. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China;2. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, PR China;1. Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University; Zoonosis Center of National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China;2. Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USDA, Building 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;3. ANSES, ENVA, UPEC, UMR BIPAR, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France;4. University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;1. Sensory Neuroscience Department, Boys Town National Research Hospital, 555 North 30th St., Omaha, NE 68131, USA;2. National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China;3. University of Nebraska Medical Center, 600 S 42nd, Omaha, NE 68198, USA |
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| Abstract: | Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has proven a valuable platform for fast and easy obtaining of large numbers of sequences at relatively low cost. In this study we use shot-gun sequencing method on Illumina HiSeq 2000, to obtain enough sequences for the assembly of the bryozoan Membranipora grandicella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) mitochondrial genome, which is the first representative of the suborder Malacostegina. The complete mitochondrial genome is 15,861 bp in length, which is relatively larger than other studied bryozoans. The mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 20 transfer RNAs. To investigate the phylogenetic position and the inner relationships of the phylum Bryozoa, phylogenetic trees were constructed with amino acid sequences of 11 PCGs from 30 metazoans. Two superclades of protostomes, namely Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa, are recovered as monophyletic with strong support in both ML and Bayesian analyses. Somewhat to surprise, Bryozoa appears as the sister group of Chaetognatha with moderate or high support. The relationship among five bryozoans is Tubulipora flabellaris + (M. grandicella + (Flustrellidra hispida + (Bugula neritina + Watersipora subtorquata))), which supports for the view that Cheilostomatida is not a natural, monophyletic clade. NGS proved to be a quick and easy method for sequencing a complete mitochondrial genome. |
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