山东小麦种质资源品质特性多样性研究及利用

连续2年对698份地方品种、育成品种和省外引进品种的淀粉糊化特性、面团揉混特性和面筋蛋白特性等进行了详细的研究,并对不同生态类型区地方品种的品质特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)不同来源种质资源品质特性表现出一定差异,育成品种和省外引进品种具有较长的面团揉混形成时间和较高的沉淀值,形成时间超过3.5min的品种分别有10和16个,最高值达5.2min;沉淀值水平较高,超过40.0ml的品种分别有32和25个,最高值分别为61.8ml和68.8ml;地方品种表现出较好的淀粉RVA糊化特性和较高的面筋蛋白含量,峰值粘度大于2900cP的有24个,最高峰值粘度高达4099cP,沉淀值在40.0ml以上的品种占48.8%,最高值达58.8ml;(2)不同生态类型区地方品种具有不同的品质特性,胶东丘陵冬性晚熟类型区烟台和青岛的地方品种具有较好的淀粉RVA糊化特性和较高的面筋蛋白含量,鲁西北平原冬性/半冬性晚熟类型区滨州、潍坊和德州的地方品种具有较好的淀粉RVA糊化特性,鲁中山丘川半冬性/冬性中熟类型区临沂、泰安的地方品种具有较高的面筋蛋白含量;(3)筛选出形成时间大于4.5min且沉淀值高于50.0ml的育成品种济南17、济宁16、济麦20、洲元9369和泰麦一号等,沉淀值超过60.0ml的省外引进品种藁优9415、冀5099、临汾6410和临汾6510等,峰值粘度高于3100cP的地方品种半截芒、白秃头(二)、三八麦、白秃头、小白芒(2)、半截红穗,以及沉淀值高于50.0ml的地方品种蚂蚱头、白肚、白气死雾、一穗收、四棱白、白穗红、半截红穗等,这些材料均可作为培育优质小麦的首选亲本。

Quality Characteristics Diversity of Wheat Germplasm in Shandong and its Utilization in Wheat Breeding

Abstract: The characteristic of starch RVA, dough mixing and protein of 698 germplasm including 412 landraces, 154 improved varieties and 132 introduced varieties were studied in detail in two years, and the quality characteristic of different wheat ecological types was also analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) Different source germplasm showed different quality characteristic. Long dough mixing development time and high Zeleny sedimentation were found in improved variety and introduced variety. There were 10 and 16 germplasm with long mixing development time over 3.5min, 32 and 25 germplasm with high sedimentation over 40.0 ml of this two type variety respectively, and the maximum development time was 5.2min , maximum Zeleny sedimentation was 61.8 and 68.8 ml respectively. Good starch RVA characteristic and high protein content were showed in landrace. There were 24 landraces with high peak viscosity over 2900cP, and the maximum was 4099cP.The 48.8% landrace showed the sedimentation over 40.0ml, and the maximum was high to 58.8ml. 2) Different characteristic was found in landraces belonging to different ecological types. Good starch RVA characteristic and high protein content were showed in landrace in Yantai and Qingdao belonging to Jiaodong hilly land, the variety belonging to winterness late-maturing type. Good starch RVA characteristic was found in landrace in Binzhou,Weifang and Dezhou belonging to plain in northwestern Shandong province, and the variety belonging to winterness/semiwinterness late-maturation type. High protein content was found in landrace in Linyin and Taian belonging to hillyland and mountain in mid-Shandong province, and the variety belonging to semiwinterness/winterness type. 3) Some germplasm with outstanding quality characteristic were selected, including improved varieties Jinan17, Jinning16, Jimai20, Zhouyuan9369 and Taimai1 with Zeleny sedimentation over 50.0ml and development time over 4.5min, induced varieties Gaocheng9415, Ji5099, Linfen6410 and Linfen6510 with Zeleny sedimentation over 60.0ml, landraces Banjiemang, Baitutou, Sanbamai, Xiaobaimang and Banjiesui with high peak viscosity over 3100cP, and landrace Mazhatou, Baidu, Baiqisiwu, Yisuishou, Silengbai, Baisuihong and Banjiehongsui with high Zeleny sedimentation over 50.0ml. All these germplasm could be used as the preferred option parent in screening quality wheat.