Bathymetric distribution of benthic foraminifera on the Australian-Irian Jaya continental margin,eastern Indonesia |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, Finland;2. Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland;3. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan;4. UMR CNRS 6112 - LPG-BIAF, University of Angers, France;5. Service commun d''imageries et d''analyses microscopiques (SCIAM), Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, France;6. Department of Ocean Systems, NIOZ-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands;1. Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Box 1047 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;3. GEOMAR - Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany;4. Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, Dramsveien 201, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;5. Norwegian Polar Institute, Box 6606 Langnes, 9296 Tromsø, Norway;6. CAGE — Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Dramsveien 201, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway;1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg., Corvallis, OR 97331, United States;3. MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;4. Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States;1. Marine Environmental Research Center, Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea;2. BK21 School of Earth and Environmental Systems, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;3. Marine Security and Safety Research Center, Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea;4. Korean Seas Geosystem Research Unit, Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea;5. Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan;6. Department of Geological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;7. Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | We identified 164 taxa of benthic foraminifera in 35 selected box-core top samples collected on the Australian-Irian Jaya continental margin in waterdepths between 60 and 2119 m, along three systematically sampled transects across the Banda Arc. The bathymetric distribution pattern of the benthic foraminiferal faunas is related to the oceanographic situation of this area, where the watermasses of the Indian Ocean collide with the watermasses of the Pacific Ocean. With the results of cluster analyses and empirical depth-ranges of “isobathyal” taxa, four faunal depth-zones and four subzones can be distinguished: - 1.(A) The Outer Shelf Biofacies (60–150 m), corresponding to the photic oxycline-zone of the Indonesian Surface Waters, and inhabited by a benthic foraminiferal association dominated by Amphistegina lessonii, Operculina ammonoides, Heterolepa dutemplei and various miliolids.
- 2.(B) The Upper Bathyal Biofacies (150–400 m), reflecting the aphotic, deeper Indonesian Surface Waters, dominated by Bolivina robusta, Heterolepa mediocris, Hanzawaia nipponica and Lenticulina spp. A major faunal break is situated at the lower boundary of this depth-zone.
- 3.(C) The Middle Bathyal Biofacies (400–1500 m), representing the Indonesian Intermediate Waters with minimum oxygen-contents, dominated by Bolivina robusta, Cassidulina carinata, Gavelinopsis lobatulus and Sphaeroidina bulloides. In this depth-zone many taxa occur with only limited depth-ranges, on which four subzones (C1–4) could be identified, allowing for a local (paleo)bathymetric resolution of a few hundred meters.
- 4.(D) The Lower Bathyal Biofacies (1500–2120 m) corresponds with the Indonesian Deep Waters. It is dominated by Pullenia bulloides and other cosmopolitan deep water indicators, such as Epistominella exigua, Laticarinina pauperata, Oridorsalis umbonatus and Planulina wuellerstorfi.
The sample fraction > 250 μm can be used to readily delineate the major faunal trends. Paleobathymetric resolution improves when the sample portion > 125 μm is used. |
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