Putative native source of the invasive fire ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solenopsis invicta</Emphasis> in the USA |
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Authors: | Eric J Caldera Kenneth G Ross Christopher J DeHeer D DeWayne Shoemaker |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;(2) Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;(3) Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, USA;(4) LI-COR Biotechnology, 4647 Superior Street, P.O. Box 4000, Lincoln, NE 68504, USA;(5) USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1600/1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA |
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Abstract: | The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of newly introduced invasive species can best be understood by identifying the source
population(s) from which they originated, as many species vary behaviorally, morphologically, and genetically across their
native landscapes. We attempt to identify the source(s) of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in the southern USA utilizing data from three classes of genetic markers (allozymes, microsatellites, and mitochondrial
DNA sequences) and employing Bayesian clustering simulations, assignment and exclusion tests, and phylogenetic and population
genetic analyses. We conclude that the Mesopotamia flood plain near Formosa, Argentina represents the most probable source
region for introduced S. invicta among the 10 localities sampled across the native South American range. This result confirms previous suspicions that the
source population resides in northern Argentina, while adding further doubts to earlier claims that the Pantanal region of
Brazil is the source area. Several lines of evidence suggest that S. invicta in the southern USA is derived from a single location rather than being the product of multiple invasions from widely separated
source localities. Although finer-scale sampling of northern Argentina and Paraguay combined with the use of additional genetic
markers will be necessary to provide a highly precise source population assignment, our current results are of immediate use
in directing future sampling and focusing ongoing biological control efforts. |
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Keywords: | Allozymes Fire ant Genetic structure Invasive species Microsatellites mtDNA Native source population Solenopsis invicta |
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