城市小尺度生态基础设施的设计方法——以雄安新区启动区为例

高速的城市化进程带来一系列生态破坏和环境污染等可持续发展挑战,需要在城市规划阶段尽量规避这些风险。生态基础设施建设倡导生态系统修复和环境协同治理的理念,是新兴城市化背景下指导城市规划的一种有效手段。目前,国内外生态基础设施建设在宏观尺度研究比较系统,而在小尺度的研究相对欠缺。我国社区等小尺度生态基础设施建设,由于规模较小,缺乏网络化构建,导致了建设后雨水内涝、面源污染问题仍层出不穷。构建了一种城市小尺度生态基础设施的设计方法和技术流程,以雄安新区启动区为研究区开展生态基础设施设计：（1）基于实际调研与理论研究分析场地现状,综合考虑自然要素、物理感知、心理感知、生态过程等相关因素构建"廊道为骨,斑块为节"的生态基础设施体系;（2）辨识区域主要动物活动、迁徙以及保护植物多样性等功能生态斑块,构建串联全城提供多种功能的系统性廊道、增加城市内部生态系统服务的结构性廊道、将生态系统服务渗入城市肌理的局部功能性廊道;（3）从景感满意度和年径流总量控制率2个方面进行生态基础设施建设预期效果评估。研究结果有助于缓解雄安新区建设所面临生态环境问题,保障人居生活环境品质,并为今后城市建设工作提供参考。

Design method of urban micro-scale ecological infrastructure: A case study of Promoter Regions in Xiong'an New Area

Rapid urbanization brings a series of sustainable development challenges such as ecological damage and environmental pollution, which needs to be avoided in the stage of urban planning. The ecological infrastructure construction reflects the concept of ecosystem restoration and collaborative environmental governance. It is an effective means to guide urban planning under the new urbanization background. Nowadays, macro-scale ecological infrastructure construction is relatively systematic at home and abroad, while the micro-scale is relatively lacking. Due to the small scale and lacking network, the ecological infrastructure construction in community and other small scale regions in China can not prevent the problems of rainwater waterlogging and non-point source pollution emerge. In this study, the Promoter Regions in Xiong''an New Area as the research object, a design method, and the technical process of urban micro-scale ecological infrastructure are established. (1) Based on the site''s survey and theoretical research, analyze the site current condition, and consider the relevant factors such as natural factors, physical perception, psychological perception, and the ecological process to construct the ecological infrastructure system where "corridor as the bone, patches as the node". (2) Identify the regional functional ecological patches, which includes major animal activities, migration, and conservation of plant diversity, to construct a systemic corridor connecting the whole city to provide multiple functions, a structural corridor to increase ecosystem services within the city, and a local functional corridor to infiltrate ecosystem services into the urban fabric. (3) Evaluate the expected effect of ecological infrastructure construction by residents'' perceptions and annual runoff control rate. The ecological infrastructure construction helps alleviate the ecological environment problems faced by the construction of Xiong''an New Area, guarantee the living environment''s quality, and provide a reference for future urban construction.