Plastid analysis of pigmented undifferentiated cells of marigold <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tagetes erecta</Emphasis> L. by transmission electron microscopy |
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Authors: | Pablo Emilio Vanegas-Espinoza Verónica Ramos-Viveros Antonio Ruperto Jiménez-Aparicio Oliver López-Villegas Francisco José Heredia-Mira Antonio Jesús Meléndez-Martínez Adrián Guillermo Quintero-Gutiérrez Octavio Paredes-López Alma Angélica Del Villar-Martínez |
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Institution: | 1.Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos,México,México;2.Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN,México, D. F.,México;3.Facultad de Farmacia,Universidad de Sevilla,Sevilla,Spain;4.Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN,Irapuato, Gto.,México |
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Abstract: | Marigold (Tagetes erecta) flowers are primarily used in industry for their high pigment content. Flower color development implies that chloroplast–chromoplast
transition is associated with carotenoid biosynthesis. We report the recovery of undifferentiated pigmented marigold cells,
various callus tissues, and their analysis by transmission electron microscopy in order to observe accumulating pigment and
development of subcellular structures. Callus was generated from leaf explants and after several rounds of recurrent selection.
Green-, yellow-, and brown-colored callus were obtained that showed distinct carotenoid profiles. For green material, violaxanthin,
lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene were produced, while yellow callus generated mainly lutein, as did the brown callus. Chloroplast–chromoplast
transition was followed by measuring plastid size and shape in undifferentiated marigold cells by digital image analysis.
Cellular alterations were evident in brown callus. Chloroplasts were the main structure in green callus, while yellow callus
clearly showed the formation of plastoglobules, structures that are correlated with chloroplast–chromoplast transition. The
high number of plastoglobules observed in yellow callus is possibly directly related to pigment synthesis and accumulation. |
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