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Exome Sequencing Identifies a Founder Frameshift Mutation in an Alternative Exon of USH1C as the Cause of Autosomal Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa with Late-Onset Hearing Loss
Authors:Samer Khateb  Lina Zelinger  Tamar Ben-Yosef  Saul Merin  Ornit Crystal-Shalit  Menachem Gross  Eyal Banin  Dror Sharon
Institution:1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.; 2. Genetics Department, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.; 4. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands,
Abstract:We used a combined approach of homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing (WES) to search for the genetic cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in families of Yemenite Jewish origin. Homozygosity mapping of two arRP Yemenite Jewish families revealed a few homozygous regions. A subsequent WES analysis of the two index cases revealed a shared homozygous novel nucleotide deletion (c.1220delG) leading to a frameshift (p.Gly407Glufs*56) in an alternative exon (#15) of USH1C. Screening of additional Yemenite Jewish patients revealed a total of 16 homozygous RP patients (with a carrier frequency of 0.008 in controls). Funduscopic and electroretinography findings were within the spectrum of typical RP. While other USH1C mutations usually cause Usher type I (including RP, vestibular dysfunction and congenital deafness), audiometric screening of 10 patients who are homozygous for c.1220delG revealed that patients under 40 years of age had normal hearing while older patients showed mild to severe high tone sensorineural hearing loss. This is the first report of a mutation in a known USH1 gene that causes late onset rather than congenital sensorineural hearing loss. The c.1220delG mutation of USH1C accounts for 23% of RP among Yemenite Jewish patients in our cohort.
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