Adenosine and lymphocyte regulation |
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Authors: | Stefania Gessi Katia Varani Stefania Merighi Eleonora Fogli Valeria Sacchetto Annalisa Benini Edward Leung Stephen Mac-Lennan Pier Andrea Borea |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;(2) Centro Nazionale di Eccellenza per lo Sviluppo di Metodologie Innovative per lo Studio ed il Trattamento delle Patologie Infiammatorie, Ferrara, Italy;(3) King Pharmaceuticals, Cary, NC, USA |
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Abstract: | Adenosine is a potent extracellular messenger that is produced in high concentrations under metabolically unfavourable conditions. Tissue hypoxia, consequent to a compromised cellular energy status, is followed by the enhanced breakdown of ATP leading to the release of adenosine. Through the interaction with A2 and A3 membrane receptors, adenosine is devoted to the restoration of tissue homeostasis, acting as a retaliatory metabolite. Several aspects of the immune response have to be taken into consideration and even though in general it is very important to dampen inflammation, in some circumstances, such as the case of cancer, it is also necessary to increase the activity of immune cells against pathogens. Therefore, adenosine receptors that are defined as “sensors” of metabolic changes in the local tissue environment may be very important targets for modulation of immune responses and drugs devoted to regulating the adenosinergic system are promising in different clinical situations. |
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Keywords: | adenosine receptors immunotherapy of cancer inflammation T cells |
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