A multiple-staining ultrastructural procedure simultaneously detecting three membrane antigens on suspended cells by monoclonal antibodies and preembedding immunogold labelling

Summary A triple ultrastructural immunogold staining method for the simultaneous demonstration of three surface antigens of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the electron microscope level is described. A six-step pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy procedure was developed, using commercially available reagents. The CD11b antigen was first detected, through a two-step (indirect) method with 40 nm-sized gold particles; after a blocking step, the HLA-DR surface antigen was subsequently detected, through a two-step (biotin-streptavidin) method with 20 nm-sized gold particles; the CD4 antigen was finally detected, through a one-step (direct) method, using 5 nm-sized gold particles. Electron microscopic examination revealed firstly the presence of a triple-labelled cell subpopulation, which showed gold granules of the three sizes simultaneously decorating the cell membrane. Thus, the cells of such a subset simultaneously expressed the three antigens investigated. In contrast, either gold particles of only one size or no gold particles were observed on the cell surface of other subpopulations. This technique is a model demonstrating the importance of varying the size of particles in pre-embedding gold immunoelectron microscopy for a better analysis of the expression of surface antigens in isolated cells.