产乙醇工程菌研究进展

伴随着21世纪的到来,低油价的时代也悄然落幕。简要概述了燃料乙醇产生菌代谢工程的研究进展,包括了利用淀粉、戊糖及纤维素的工程酵母构建,运动发酵单胞菌利用戊糖工程菌的构建,引入外源乙醇合成途径的大肠埃希氏菌和产酸克雷伯氏菌等。对燃料乙醇的重视将促进开发能利用廉价原料和要求粗放的工程菌株用于高产乙醇的生产过程,以降低成本和能耗,其中能利用生淀粉的工程酵母及利用木质纤维素水解物的运动发酵单胞菌工程菌有较大的工业化潜力。

Progress on engineered strains for ethanol production

With the 21 century's coming,the era of cheap oil is coming to the end.There has been an increasing worldwide interest in fuel ethanol.In the last two decades,lots of work has been done to develop strains for ethanol producing.Research progress on metabolic engineering of strains for fuel ethanol production is summarized,including genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to utilize starch,pentose and cellulose,Zymomonas mobilis to ferment arabinose and xylose,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca to introduce heterogenous ethanol production pathway.The aim of engineering these strains is to obtain an ideal microorganism which can converse the available carbon sources to ethanol rapidly and efficiently with high tolerance to ethanol and to inhibitory components in the cheap materials such as lignocellulose hydrolysate.The importance of fuel ethanol will be a stimulus to develop engineered hardy strains to utilize cheap materials for high ethanol concentration production.Since both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis are generally regarded as safe(GRAS),genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae which can utilize raw starch directly and recombinant Zymomonas mobilis which can ferment glucose,arabinose and xylose in the lignocellulose hydrolysate have potential application to industry in the near future.