Understanding the genetic and molecular constitutions of heterosis for developing hybrid rice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Africa Rice Center, Cotonou, Benin;3. State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;1. Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China;3. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;2. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, SCAU, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China;2. Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China |
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| Abstract: | The wide adoption of hybrid rice has greatly increased rice yield in the last several decades. The utilization of heterosis facilitated by male sterility has been a common strategy for hybrid rice development. Here, we summarize our efforts in the genetic and molecular understanding of heterosis and male sterility together with the related progress from other research groups. Analyses of F1 diallel crosses show that strong heterosis widely exists in hybrids of diverse germplasms, and inter-subspecific hybrids often display higher heterosis. Using the elite hybrid Shanyou 63 as a model, an immortalized F2 population design is conducted for systematic characterization of the biological mechanism of heterosis, with identification of loci controlling heterosis of yield and yield component traits. Dominance, overdominance, and epistasis all play important roles in the genetic basis of heterosis; quantitative assessment of these components well addressed the three classical genetic hypotheses for heterosis. Environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) enables the development of two-line hybrids, and long noncoding RNAs often function as regulators of EGMS. Inter-subspecific hybrids show greatly reduced fertility; the identification and molecular characterization of hybrid sterility genes offer strategies for overcoming inter-subspecific hybrid sterility. These developments have significant implications for future hybrid rice improvement using genomic breeding. |
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| Keywords: | Rice Heterosis Hybrid rice breeding |
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