The shikimate pathway regulates programmed cell death |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;2. College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;3. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;1. Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;3. Rush School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;1. The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China;2. Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China;3. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China;1. Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China;2. CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China;3. Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guang Dong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China;4. Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for both plant development and stress responses including immunity. However, how plants control PCD is not well-understood. The shikimate pathway is one of the most important metabolic pathways in plants, but its relationship to PCD is unknown. Here, we show that the shikimate pathway promotes PCD in Arabidopsis. We identify a photoperiod-dependent lesion-mimic mutant named Lesion in short-day (lis), which forms spontaneous lesions in short-day conditions. Map-based cloning and whole-genome resequencing reveal that LIS encodes MEE32, a bifunctional enzyme in the shikimate pathway. Metabolic analysis shows that the level of shikimate is dramatically increased in lis. Through genetic screenings, three suppressors of lis (slis) are identified and the causal genes are cloned. SLISes encode proteins upstream of MEE32 in the shikimate pathway. Furthermore, exogenous shikimate treatment causes PCD. Our study uncovers a link between the shikimate pathway and PCD, and suggests that the accumulation of shikimate is an alternative explanation for the action of glyphosate, the most successful herbicide. |
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| Keywords: | Programmed cell death Shikimate pathway Lesion-mimic mutant Immunity Photoperiod Arabidopsis |
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