Caco-2 cells in culture synthesize and degrade dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine: a comparison with rat jejunal epithelial cells

To explore the usefulness of Caco-2 cells in the study of intestinal dopaminergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic physiology, we have undertaken the study of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and type A and B monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and MAO-B) activities in these cells using specific substrates. The activity of these enzymes was also evaluated in isolated rat jejunal epithelial cells. The results showed that Vmax values (in nmol mg protein(-1) h(-1)) for AADC, using L-DOPA as the substrate, in rat jejunal epithelial cells (127.3+/-11.4) were found to be 6-fold higher than in Caco-2 cells (22.5+/-2.6). However, Km values in Caco-2 cells (1.24+/-0.37 mM) were similar to those observed in rat jejunal epithelial cells (1.30+/-0.29 mM). Similar results were obtained when AADC activity was evaluated using L-5HTP as substrate; in rat jejunal epithelial cells Vmax values (in nmol mg prot(-1) h(-1)) were found to be 5-fold that in Caco-2 cells (16.3+/-1.0 and 3.0+/-0.2, respectively), and Km values in Caco-2 cells (0.23+/-0.08 mM) were again similar to those observed in rat intestinal epithelial cells (0.09+/-0.03 mM). Caco-2 cells were not able to O-methylate dopamine, in contrast to rat jejunal epithelial cells (Vmax = 8.6+/-0.4 nmol mg protein(-1)(h-1); Km = 516+/-57 microM). Vmax values (in nmol mg protein(-1)(h-1)) for type A and B MAO in Caco-2 cells (19.0+/-0.6 and 5.4+/-0.6, respectively) were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in rat jejunal epithelial cells (46.9+/-3.1 and 9.6+/-1.2, respectively); however, no significant differences in the Km values were observed between Caco-2 and rat jejunal epithelial cells for both type A and B MAO. In conclusion, Caco-2 cells in culture are endowed with the synthetic and metabolic machinery needed to form and degrade DA and 5-HT, though, no COMT activity could be detected in these cells.