Identification of essentially derived varieties with molecular markers: an approach based on statistical test theory and computer simulations

Genetic similarities (GS) based on molecular markers have been proposed as a tool for identification of essentially derived varieties (EDVs). Nevertheless, scientifically reliable criteria for discrimination of EDVs and independently derived varieties with GS estimates are scanty, and implementation into practical breeding has not yet taken place. Our objectives were to (1) assess the influence of chromosome number and length, marker density, and distribution, as well as the degree of polymorphism between the parental inbreds on the distribution of GS between parental inbreds and their progenies GS(P1,O)] derived from F2 and different backcross populations and (2) evaluate these factors with regard to the power for distinguishing F2- versus BC1- and BC1- versus BC2-derived lines with molecular markers. We developed an approach based on statistical test theory for the identification of EDVs with molecular markers. Standard deviations and overlaps of distributions of GS(P1,O) of F2-, BC1-, and BC2-derived lines were smaller with (1) increasing chromosome number and length, (2) increasing marker density, and (3) uniformly instead of randomly distributed markers, approaching a lower boundary determined by the genetic parameters. The degree of polymorphism between the parental inbreds influenced the power only if the remaining number of polymorphic markers was low. Furthermore, suggestions are made for (1) determining the number of markers required to ascertain a given power and (2) EDV identification procedures.