孕妇肠道微生物组成与孕妇及新生儿糖脂代谢相关性研究

目的研究孕妇肠道微生物组成与孕妇以及新生儿糖脂代谢的相关性。方法选择2017年6月至2018年9月在大连市妇幼保健院定期产检的诊断为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的孕妇89例为GDM组,血糖正常孕妇96例为对照组。收集孕妇一般资料,孕妇和新生儿糖脂代谢物、孕妇粪便进行微生物检测。结果 GDM组孕妇空腹血糖、甘油三酯明显高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白水平明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。GDM新生儿脂联素和血糖明显低于对照组,胰岛素和糖化血红蛋白明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。对照组孕妇肠道微生物中拟杆菌(Bacteroides)丰富度最高(36.6%),其次是普雷沃菌(Prevotella)(15.3%)、柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)(10.2%)、考拉杆菌(Phascolarctobacterium)(7.2%)。GDM组孕妇肠道微生物中拟杆菌(Bacteroides)丰富度最高(29.4%),其次是柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)(19.7%)、普雷沃菌(Prevotella)(11.1%)、考拉杆菌(Phascolarctobacterium)(9.3%)。柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)与孕妇空腹血糖呈正相关(r=0.377 6,P=0.027 6),拟杆菌(Bacteroides)、埃希菌(Escherichia)与孕妇甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.027 5,-0.585 8,P=0.023 7,0.041 3)。柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)与新生儿空腹血糖呈负相关(r=-0.397 6,P=0.027 6)。结论 GDM孕妇肠道微生物构成与血糖正常孕妇不同,菌群丰富度和多样性较低,并且孕妇肠道菌群与其及新生儿的糖脂代谢相关,调节孕妇肠道菌群或有利于改善其与新生儿的糖脂代谢功能。

Correlation between intestinal microbiota composition and glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women and newborns

Objective To study the correlation between intestinal microbiota composition and glucose metabolism in pregnant women and neonates. Methods Eighty-nine pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)who were scheduled for regular check-up in our hospital from June 2017 to September 2018 were selected as the GDM group,and 96 pregnant women with normal blood glucose were included in the control group.The general information about the pregnant women,glycolipid metabolites of the pregnant women and neonatals,and stool specimens of the pregnant women were collected microbiological analysis. Results The levels of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride in the GDM group were significantly higher,and the level of high-density lipoprotein was significantly lower than those in the control group respectively(all P<0.05).The levels of adiponectin and blood glucose of the neonatal in GDM group were significantly lower,while those of insulin and glycated hemoglobin were significantly higher than those in the the control group respectively(all P<0.05).Bacteroides(36.6%)was the most abundant in the intestinal microbes of pregnant women in the control group,followed by Plasmodium(15.3%),Faecalibacterium(10.2%) and Phascolarctobacterium(7.2%).While in the GDM group,Bacteroides(29.4%)had the highest abundance,followed by Faecalibacterium(19.7%),Prevotella(11.1%) and Phascolactobacterium(9.3%).Faecalibacterium was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose in pregnant women(r=0.377 6,0.027 6),and Bacteroides and Escherichia were negatively correlated with triglycerides in pregnant women(r=-0.027 5,-0.585 8,P=0.023 7,0.041 3).Faecalibacterium is negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose in newborns(r=-0.397 6,P=0.027 6). Conclusion The gut microbiota of GDM pregnant women is abnormal with decreased richness and diversity.The gut microbiota in gravidas are relative to the glycolipid metabolism of them and the newborns.Regulation of intestinal flora in pregnant women may be benefit for improving their glycolipid metabolism.