微生态学与后抗生素时代

本文简述了抗生素产生的历史背景,和对人类感染性疾病作出的贡献。但由于抗生素的泛用、滥用和过度治疗,引起了机体的菌群失调、二重感染和更为严重的细菌耐药性。为解决抗生素的弊端,解决菌群失调等问题,促使了微生态学的兴起和发展。本文还阐述了细菌耐药性的现状及危害,细菌产生耐药性的动因,后抗生素时代对细菌的防控措施。提出用微生态制剂、肠道正常菌群、中药、抗菌肽、噬菌体、研制新型抗菌药和规范用药等措施,防控细菌感染。同时阐述了常用中药的抗菌谱,及与微生态制剂合并应用的可能性。

Microecology and post antibiotics era

Abstract: The history of the development of antibiotics and their contributions to the battle against infectious diseases of human were briefly introduced. The extensive use, overuse and abuse of antibiotics have brought about intestinal flora imbalance, superinfection, and more serious drug-resistance. The exploration in solving the disadvantages of antibiotics and dysbacteria had promoted the rise and development of microecology. In addition, the current situation and harm of drug-resistance, the causes of antibiotic resistance of bacteria, and measures for control and prevention of diseases in post antibiotic era were reviewed. Viewpoints were proposed for prevention of bacterial infections through probiotics, regulation of normal intestinal microflora, traditional Chinese medicines, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage, development of new antibacterial agents, and standardization of medications. Antibacterial spectra of traditional Chinese medicines and their use in combination with probiotics were also discussed.