肠道菌群紊乱对Treg细胞影响的研究进展

人和动物肠道内存在大量的细菌，并且肠道细菌在宿主多功能代谢和免疫系统平衡中至关重要，它们与宿主免疫和代谢系统共同进化。在正常情况下，肠道菌群与宿主处于长期平衡状态，然而，当肠道菌群紊乱时，这种平衡将会被打破，并导致免疫应答的改变和各种疾病的发生。Treg细胞是一种表达转录因子Foxp3的调节型T细胞，是促炎和抑炎反应及免疫平衡中重要的组成成分。近年来，大量的研究揭示了Treg细胞、宿主和肠道菌群之间错综复杂的关系，但并没有对动物体内各个部位Treg细胞的表达变化规律做出系统总结。本综述通过总结近年来人们对肠道菌群的研究，综合阐述肠道菌群紊乱时，Treg细胞在肠、外周血、脾脏和肾中的表达变化规律。

The influence of intestinal dysbacteriosis on Tregs: Research progress

There is a large number of bacteria (gut flora) in the intestines of human and animals. The gut flora is vital in the homeostasis of multiple interconnected metabolic and immune networks of the host. Under normal conditions, gut flora exists in a state of equilibrium with the host. However, intestinal dysbacteriosis can seriously disrupt this delicate balance, resulting in the changes of immune responses and development of diseases. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which is one subtype of regulatory T cells, are essential for pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and immune homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed an intricate relationship between Tregs and host and gut flora. However, there is no systematic overview of the expression of Tregs in every part of host body. We reviewed here the expressions of Tregs in the intestine, peripheral blood, spleen and kidney in the case of intestinal dysbacteriosis through summarizing recent researches on gut flora.