不同施肥处理玉米根际微生物种群结构及代谢多样性

目的探究不同施肥处理对玉米根际微生物种群结构及代谢多样性的影响。方法以生物菌肥(样品1)、复合肥(样品2)、有机肥(样品3)、生物菌肥+复合肥(样品4)、生物菌肥+有机肥(样品5)、复合肥+有机肥(样品6)和不施肥(对照)共7个处理为研究对象,利用活菌计数法测定种群结构,同时利用Biolog技术对样品进行检测,通过SPSS数据分析软件对测得的数据进行分析。结果与对照相比,样品1中细菌、酵母菌、霉菌和放线菌的数量均有所增加,其中酵母菌增加最多,每克土壤增加了1.37×10~6个;施肥处理使微生物的代谢多样性也有所增加,样品1的平均每孔颜色变化率(AWCD值)增长率最大,多样性指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)、丰富度指数(R)均增加,但优势度指数(D)降低,说明样品1的菌群多样性最高,物种数目最多,能够提高土壤的养分和肥力。结论本研究所得结果为农业生产中玉米肥料的选择及最佳配比方法提供数据。

The population structure and metabolic diversity of microorganisms in rhizosphere soil of corn treated with different fertilizers

Objective To explore the influence of different fertilizers on the population and diversity of microbes in rhizosphere soil of corn. Methods Samples of rhizosphere soils were collected from the soils treated with biological fertilizer(S1), compound fertilizer(S2), organic manure(S3), biological fertilizer and compound fertilizer(S4), biological fertilizer and organic manure(S5), compound fertilizer and organic manure(S6), and from unfertilized soil(control). The samples were detected by using count plates and Biolog technique. The resulting data were analyzed by using SPSS data analysis software. Results Compared with the control, the amounts of bacteria, yeasts, molds and actinomyces increased in S1, among which yeasts increased by 1.37×106 CFU/mL. The metabolic diversity was increased by the fertilization. The values of AWCD, H, E and R increased while the value of D reduced in S1, suggesting that the metabolic diversity of microorganisms in S1 was the highest and the number of species was plentiful. S1 improved the nutrients and fertility in soil. Conclusion The results of this study will provide theoretical basis for selecting corn fertilizers and optimum fertilizer formula in agricultural production.