藤三七类黄酮组分对小鼠代谢综合征模型及其肠道菌群的调节作用

目的 探究类黄酮组分对小鼠代谢综合征模型及肠道菌群的调节作用。方法 SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠分为对照组（NFD）、模型组（HFD）、类黄酮组（HFD+fla），每组6只。采用高脂饲料和高果糖建立代谢综合征模型，处理8周。类黄酮组用100 mg/(kg•d)藤三七类黄酮灌胃。记录动物进食量和饮水量，测空腹血糖和体重。第8周处死动物，解剖获取肝脏和附睾脂肪组织。测定总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量。小鼠肝脏组织切片进行HE染色观察。取小鼠粪便，应用PCR-DGGE技术分析肠道菌群。结果 模型组小鼠TC明显高于对照组（P=0.000），类黄酮组TC显著低于模型组（P=0.007）。模型组LDL-C显著高于对照组（P=0.031），类黄酮组LDL与模型组差异无统计学意义（P=0.072），但有降低趋势。肝脏脏器系数与脂肪系数组间比较差异无统计学意义（F=1.891，P=0.185），但类黄酮组与模型组相比，有降低趋势；模型组小鼠血清TG较对照组降低，组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=7.738，P=0.005）。模型组小鼠HDL较对照组升高，组间比较差异无统计学意义（F=3.621，P=0.052）；肝脏病理学结果显示，类黄酮组肝细胞水肿得到了明显改善。模型组小鼠肠道菌群多样性和拟杆菌属细菌低于对照组；类黄酮组相比于模型组，肠道菌群多样性和拟杆菌属细菌有所恢复，嗜胆菌属细菌增加。结论 藤三七类黄酮组分能促进肠道主要益生菌的生长，可以显著降低BALB/c小鼠TC水平，并有降低血清LDL-C的趋势。类黄酮明显改善小鼠肝细胞水肿，促进肠道菌群的恢复。

Effects of Boussingaultia flavonoids on metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota in mice

Objective To study the effects of the Boussingaultia flavonoids on metabolic syndrome in BALB/c mice treated with high-fat and high-fructose diet. Methods Male BALB/c mice were randomized divided into the control group (normal fat diet, NFD, n=6), model group (high fat diet, HFD, n=6) or flavonoids group (HFD+fla, n=6). The NFD group was fed with normal diet and water. The HFD group and HFD+fla group were fed with high-fat and high-fructose (60%) diet. HFD+fla group was gavaged with flavonoids [100 mg/(kg•d)] for 8 weeks. Body weight and fasting blood-glucose (FBG) were measured weekly; food and water intakes were recorded daily. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the eighth week. Specimens of liver and epididymal fat tissue were collected to measure weights as well as detect the total serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) enzymatically. The liver tissues were treated with HE staining to observe the pathological changes. Fecal samples were analyzed with PCR-DGGE technique. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Results At the end of week 8, the viscera coefficient of liver and epididymal fat in the HFD+fla group was inhibited compared with the HFD group; HFD+fla showed a significant decrease in fasting blood-glucose (P＜0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of TG and HDL-C. The HFD+fla group demonstrated significant reduction of serum TC (P＜0.05) and a trend of decreasing LDL-C. The histology of liver and gut microbiota were improved in HFD+fla group compared with HFD group. Conclusion Boussingaultia flavonoids improve the growth of intestinal probiotics, down-regulate serum total cholesterol and tend to inhibit LDL-C. Flavonoids alleviated cellular swelling of liver and modulated gut microbiota of mice.