肠道微生物菌群分型的研究进展

人体肠道内存在着处于动态平衡中的复杂微生物群体,包含1000多种细菌和古生菌等共生微生物。它们广泛参与人体的营养、代谢和免疫等生理过程,是影响健康最重要的因素之一。同一个体不同胃肠道部位的微生物群落组成显著不同,而在不同个体的肠道微生物群落组成也存在很大差异。肠道微生物群落结构受到饮食习惯、药物干预以及生活环境等因素影响,形成了不同个体间菌群组成的差异。通过菌群测序分析和群体分型,可以将不同个体的肠道微生物群落组成分为拟杆菌、普氏菌和瘤胃球菌三种肠型。确定肠道微生物群落结构的分型,将复杂的肠道微生物系统模式化,有利于对大样本肠道微生物菌群进行分析,更好地指导相关疾病的诊断和治疗。本文综述了肠道微生物的分型和相关影响因素的进展。

Progress in research on genotyping of gut microbial community

There exists a dynamically balanced microbial population in human guts, which contains more than 1,000 symbiotic microorganisms such as bacteria and archaea. It is widely involved in the physiological processes of nutrition, metabolism and immunity, and is one of the most important factors affecting health. The compositions of microbial communities in different gastrointestinal parts of the same person are very different. Similarly, the compositions of microbial communities in the same part of different human gastrointestinal tracts are also various. Through the sequencing analysis and population stratification of the flora, the intestinal microflora composition of different individuals can be divided into three enterotypes: Bacteroides, Prevotella and Ruminococcus. Identifying the classification of intestinal microbial community structure and patterning complex intestinal microbial system are conducive to the analysis of large sample intestinal microflora, which can guide the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases better. This paper reviewed the progress in research on gut microbial enterotypes and interrelated influencing factors.