Anaerobically induced production of hybrid monokaryons by heterokaryons of Candida albicans

Summary During aerobic replication, balanced heterokaryons (hets) of Candida albicans produced by fusing protoplasts of complementing auxotrophic strains characteristically segregate low frequencies of prototrophic monokaryons bearing hybrid nuclei formed either through karyogamy or unidirectional internuclear genetic transfers within het cells. Anaerobic growth causes exponential inactivation of hets and induces their production of hybrid monokaryons. Both responses are functions of heterokaryosis as such and not the genetic backgrounds of hets. Evidence is presented that (i) the nuclei of anaerobically generated hybrids arise through induction in hets of karyogamy not internuclear genetic transfers and that (ii) the events underlying that induction are different from those responsible for inactivation of the cells.