The chemical composition of throughfall beneath oak, birch and pine canopies in Northwest Germany |
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Authors: | Martina Herrmann Jürgen Pust Richard Pott |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institut für Geobotanik, Universit?t Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, D-30167, Hannover, Germany 2. Aussenstelle ‘Heiliges Meer’, Westf?lisches Museum für Naturkunde, Heiliges Meer 1, D-49509, Recke, Germany 3. Institut für Geobotanik, Universit?t Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, D-30167, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract: | The chemical composition of rainwater is altered upon its passage through tree canopies. In order to investigate how rainwater chemistry is affected by canopy-dependent processes in characteristic forest types of Northwest German sandy lowland regions – oak–birch-forests, Betula pubescens Ehrh. swamp forests, and stands of Pinus sylvestris L. – comparative studies on the chemical composition of throughfall were carried out at seven forest sites, situated in close proximity within a nature reserve. Additionally, rainwater was sampled at three heathland sites for analysis of open-field precipitation and at three sites along an oak–birch-forest edge. Throughfall concentrations of most of the parameters analysed were significantly higher than open-field concentrations, especially with regard to electric conductivity, NH4-N, K+, and KMnO4-index. Ion concentrations in throughfall were the lowest in a 10-year-old stand of Betula pendula Roth. and Pinus sylvestris and in a Betula pubescens swamp forest and were highest beneath a stand of Pinus sylvestris. Except for Na+, Cl−, and NO3−, ion concentrations in both throughfall and open-field precipitation increased during the growing season (May–October). In throughfall, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Mn2+ were strongly correlated. Enrichment ratios between throughfall and open-field deposition varied among sites and elements and were the highest for K‰+, Mg2‰+, and Mn2‰+. Estimates of canopy leaching indicated high leaching rates of K‰+ and Mn2‰+ and moderate leaching of Mg2‰+. The contribution of foliar leaching to throughfall deposition was higher at the deciduous than at the coniferous stands. |
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Keywords: | Betula pubescens swamp forest Foliar leaching Oak– birch-forests Rainwater chemistry Stands of Pinus sylvestris |
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