Delay Maintenance in Tonkean Macaques (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Macaca tonkeana</Emphasis>) and Brown Capuchin Monkeys (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Cebus apella</Emphasis>) |
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Authors: | Marie Pelé Jérôme Micheletta Pierre Uhlrich Bernard Thierry Valérie Dufour |
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Institution: | 1.Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,Strasbourg,France;2.Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien,Université de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France |
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Abstract: | Animals commonly face choices requiring them to wait and postpone action. The ability to delay gratification is a prerequisite
for making future-oriented decisions. We investigated the ability of brown capuchins (Cebus apella) and Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) to delay benefits in several experiments. In exchange tasks, subjects had to return a piece of cookie after a given time
lag to obtain a larger one from an experimenter. Capuchins could wait 10–40 s and macaques 20–80 s depending on subjects and
the size of rewards. Both groups were able to anticipate delay durations, but unlike macaques, capuchins discounted all sizes
of reward at the same speed, meaning that their delay-maintenance was not affected by the reward size. When the subjects could
give the initial piece of cookie back immediately and then wait for the return, performances increased to 10–21 min for capuchins
and 21–42 min for macaques, demonstrating the role of consumption inhibition in postponing gratification. In a further task,
we presented subjects with an accumulation of food pieces added at short intervals until they seized them. On average, brown
capuchins could wait 33–42 s and macaques 38–72 s before seizing the rewards. Our results confirmed that brown capuchins were
more impulsive than Tonkean macaques in several tasks. We did not find significant differences between the waiting performances
of the Tonkean macaques and those previously reported in long-tailed macaques. The contrasting performances of macaques and
capuchins might be related to their different skills in the physical and social domains. |
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