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Reconstructing Ancient Hohokam Irrigation Systems in the Middle Gila River Valley,Arizona, United States of America
Authors:Zhu?Tianduowa,Kyle?C.?Woodson,Maurits?W.?Ertsen  author-information"  >  author-information__contact u-icon-before"  >  mailto:m.w.ertsen@tudelft.nl"   title="  m.w.ertsen@tudelft.nl"   itemprop="  email"   data-track="  click"   data-track-action="  Email author"   data-track-label="  "  >Email author  author-information__orcid u-icon-before icon--orcid u-icon-no-repeat"  >  http://orcid.org/---X"   itemprop="  url"   title="  View OrcID profile"   target="  _blank"   rel="  noopener"   data-track="  click"   data-track-action="  OrcID"   data-track-label="  "  >View author&#  s OrcID profile
Affiliation:1.Water Resources,Delft University of Technology,Delft,The Netherlands;2.Cultural Resource Management Program,Gila River Indian Community,Phoenix,USA
Abstract:We explore the concept of scales to examine emerging irrigation realities, i.e., connecting more agents within larger spaces - relates to the complexity of irrigation systems. Modern hydraulic models allow the inclusion of emerging multi-scale issues over time, including social issues related to different spatial and temporal scales. We show that the time needed to manage irrigation efficiently relates to the size of a system. By reconstructing ancient Hohokam irrigation systems in Arizona, we identify how longer-term extension of spatial scales created management problems beyond the scope of available technology. This approach allows greater understanding of how stresses in daily irrigation management may have impacted longer-term societal stability.
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