Reconstructing Ancient Hohokam Irrigation Systems in the Middle Gila River Valley,Arizona, United States of America |
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Authors: | Zhu?Tianduowa Kyle?C?Woodson Email authorView authors OrcID profile" target="_blank">Maurits?W?ErtsenEmail authorView authors OrcID profile |
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Institution: | 1.Water Resources,Delft University of Technology,Delft,The Netherlands;2.Cultural Resource Management Program,Gila River Indian Community,Phoenix,USA |
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Abstract: | We explore the concept of scales to examine emerging irrigation realities, i.e., connecting more agents within larger spaces - relates to the complexity of irrigation systems. Modern hydraulic models allow the inclusion of emerging multi-scale issues over time, including social issues related to different spatial and temporal scales. We show that the time needed to manage irrigation efficiently relates to the size of a system. By reconstructing ancient Hohokam irrigation systems in Arizona, we identify how longer-term extension of spatial scales created management problems beyond the scope of available technology. This approach allows greater understanding of how stresses in daily irrigation management may have impacted longer-term societal stability. |
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