Biological functions and therapeutic opportunities of soluble cytokine receptors |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;2. Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy;1. Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Rua do Alto do Reservatório s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, PE, 55608-680, Brazil;2. Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;1. Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;2. Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany;1. Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany;2. Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Olshausenstrasse 40, Kiel, Germany;1. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA;2. Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea;3. Dr. LV Prasad Diagnostics and Research Laboratory, Khairtabad, Hyderabad, 500004, India;4. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532410, India;5. Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea |
| |
| Abstract: | Cytokines control the immune system by regulating the proliferation, differentiation and function of immune cells. They activate their target cells through binding to specific receptors, which either are transmembrane proteins or attached to the cell-surface via a GPI-anchor. Different tissues and individual cell types have unique expression profiles of cytokine receptors, and consequently this expression pattern dictates to which cytokines a given cell can respond. Furthermore, soluble variants of several cytokine receptors exist, which are generated by different molecular mechanisms, namely differential mRNA splicing, proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-tethered precursors, and release on extracellular vesicles. These soluble receptors shape the function of cytokines in different ways: they can serve as antagonistic decoy receptors which compete with their membrane-bound counterparts for the ligand, or they can form functional receptor/cytokine complexes which act as agonists and can even activate cells that would usually not respond to the ligand alone. In this review, we focus on the IL-2 and IL-6 families of cytokines and the so-called Th2 cytokines. We summarize for each cytokine which soluble receptors exist, were they originate from, how they are generated, and what their biological functions are. Furthermore, we give an outlook on how these soluble receptors can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. |
| |
| Keywords: | cytokine receptors soluble cytokine receptors proteolysis therapy |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
