Phylogenetic relationships of Strongyloides species in carnivore hosts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400-902, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400-902, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade de Uberaba, Campus Aeroporto. Av. Nenê Sabino, sala 2D05,Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38055-500, Brazil;4. Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândi, Av Pará 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 38400-902, Brazil;1. Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki, Japan;2. Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 1, No. 245 Myoma Kyaung Street, Lanmadaw Township, Yangon, Myanmar;3. Miyakonojo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4231-1 Omuta, Takasahi Miyakonojo, 889-4505 Miyazaki, Japan;4. Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan;5. Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan;1. Postgraduate Programme in Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;3. Mimika District Health Authority, Timika, Papua, Indonesia;4. Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Papua, Indonesia;5. Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;6. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;7. Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;8. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;9. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;10. Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic nematode and a major pathogen responsible for human strongyloidiasis. The presence of this species in the dog population has led to an interest in studying the phylogenetic relationships among Strongyloides spp. in carnivore hosts. In the present study, Strongyloides spp. from various carnivore hosts (raccoon, Japanese badger, Siberian weasel, raccoon dog, masked palm civet, and domestic cat) were sought. Except for civets, Strongyloides spp. were identified in all host species. Based on 18S rDNA sequences, nine OTUs (operational taxonomy units) were identified. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using 18S 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) sequences clustered them into two groups. The first group (named the stercoralis/procyonis group) was comprised of six OTUs and occurred in cats, raccoon dogs, raccoons (S. procyonis), Siberian weasels, and Japanese badgers and included S. stercoralis from humans and dogs. The second group (named the planiceps group) was made up of Strongyloides spp. from raccoon dogs (two OTUs) and one OTU from Siberian weasels. Subsequent analysis using almost the full-length nucleotide sequences of protein-coding genes in their mitochondrial genomes placed Strongyloides spp. of cats in a sister taxon position to S. stercoralis, whereas S. procyonis from raccoons was more distantly related to them. The presence of Strongyloides spp. from various carnivore hosts, which are close relatives of S. stercoralis, suggests this group of Strongyloides (the stercoralis/procyonis group) essentially evolved as parasites of carnivores, although more data on Strongyloides spp. from primate hosts are needed. |
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