光照、温度和湿度对桔小实蝇飞翔活动的影响

于2004年6月在云南元江芒果园内通过性诱剂诱捕,对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)的飞翔活动日节律进行了全天24h的监测,并就光照、温度和相对湿度3个环境因子的影响进行了测试和综合分析。研究表明,桔小实蝇雄成虫仅在白天有光照的情况下进行飞翔活动,夜晚停止飞翔。在1d内有2个飞翔活动高峰期,分别发生在上午8∶00~9∶00和下午18∶00~20∶00,且前者进行飞翔活动的虫量相对后者要大。在下午2∶00左右进入白天飞翔活动的低谷。光刺激是桔小实蝇飞翔活动的基本条件,其趋光性因芒果园内树荫下的光照强度变化而异,在100~200lux之间对桔小实蝇飞翔活动明显有利,而当光照强度低于100lux或高于200lux,飞翔活动也相应减小。气温总体上位于桔小实蝇飞翔活动的适宜范围,而下午低于60%的相对湿度对其飞翔活动有一定的抑制作用。气温、湿度和光照对桔小实蝇飞翔活动的作用机理各不相同并且各因子之间也相互作用,最终对桔小实蝇的飞翔活动产生综合效应。

Effects of light, temperature and humidity on the flight activities of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

The flight activity of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, was hourly observed using methyl eugenol-baited traps during 24 hours in the mango orchard in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley area, Yunnan, in June, 2004. The influences of the ecological factors including light, temperature and relative humidity were studied on the flight activity in this paper. The results showed that the male adultsonly fly in the daytime, but not in the night, which suggested that light might be a prerequisite for their flying. Two flying peaks were recorded at 8∶00～9∶00 am and 18∶00 ～ 20∶00 pm through 24 hours. The larger amount of the flying flies was recorded in the morning flight peak, and the lowest flying numbers were found at about 2∶00 p.m. The flies appeared to be more active at the light of 100～200 lux, and the amounts of the flying flies out of this range were decreased. In this study, air temperature was generally in the range suitable for flying activity of the fly. It was found that the air relative humidity of less than 60% in the afternoon played negative role in the flight activity. Air temperature, humidity and light operated various functions and influenced synthetically on flying activity of the fly in the field.