宠物弓形虫的感染及其防控

弓形虫病是一种世界性分布的人兽共患寄生虫病,对人类,尤其是妇女、儿童危害很大,估计全世界有1/3人受到该病的威胁。孕妇感染弓形虫后导致早产、流产、胎儿发育畸形;弓形虫是免疫功能低下患者的主要死亡原因之一。犬、猫是弓形虫的中间宿主和终末宿主,是人类感染弓形虫的主要来源。随着我国经济的迅速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,城市中饲养犬、猫作为宠物的人越来越多,人、宠物间的亲密接触增加了弓形虫病传播给人的机会。加强对宠物犬、猫弓形虫病的研究及防控势在必行。本文就弓形虫的危害、宠物犬猫弓形虫感染及其防控措施作以综述。

Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Its Control in Pets

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease worldwide.It has been estimated that nearly one-third of humans are exposed to Toxoplasma gondii infection.Although infection with T.gondii is usually asymptomatic,it can cause serious results in fetuses and immunodeficient individuals.Infection with T.gondii in women may transmit transplacentally to fetus,resulting in premature birth,abortion,or developmental malformation.T.gondii in immunocompromised patients is a major cause of death.Dogs and cats are the intermediate and final host for T.gondii,respectively,and are major sources of human infection.As rapid economic development and continuous improvement of living standards in China,more and more people use dogs or cats as pets.Now it is estimated that about 200 million dogs and 100 million cats used as pets in China.People often keep close contact with their pets,greatly increasing the chance of transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the research of toxoplasmosis in cats and dogs and control the disease.This review summarizes hazards of T.gondii,T.gondii infection in dogs and cats,and control measures of toxoplasmosis.