黄淮南片冬麦区主导品种春化基因及冬春性分析

以1950～2007年黄淮南片冬麦区的127个主导小麦品种为材料,利用第5同源群的春化基因分子标记对其进行了春化基因检测,并分析了小麦品种的春化基因与其冬春性的对应关系及黄淮南片冬麦区8次品种更换中春化基因与品种冬春性的演变规律.结果表明,参试品种中没有品种携带显性Vrn-A1基因,7个品种含有Vrn-B1基因(5.5%),2个品种含有Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1基因(1.6%),56个品种含有Vrn-D1基因(44.1%).春化基因类型与品种冬春特性基本相符,春化基因控制着小麦品种的冬春特性.主导品种含春化显性基因频率的变化趋势与冬春性变化规律存在较大差异,与传统方法相比,仅用春化基因来确定品种冬春性存在一定的不完善之处.采用春化基因分子标记与传统的冬春性鉴定方法相结合来认识品种冬春性、预测品种的抗寒性对黄淮南片冬麦区的小麦品种利用更具有指导意义.

Analysis on Vernalization Alleles and Winter-spring Characteristic of Wheat Cultivars from the South of Yellow and Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Zone

Vernalization genes of 127 main popularized wheat varieties from the south of Yellow and Huai River valley winter wheat zone from 1950 to 2007 were identified by using molecular markers on the fifth homologous chromosome group,and the relationship of evolvement process of vernalization and winter-spring traits in the period of eight cultivar replacements were analyzed.The results showed that dominant Vrn-A1 allele did not exist in all cultivars,7 cultivars carried dominant Vrn-B1 gene(5.5%),2 cultivars carried dominant Vrn-B1+Vrn-D1 genes (1.6%) and 56 cultivars carried dominant Vrn-D1 gene (44.1%).It was proved that winter-spring trait was controlled by vernalization alleles.During the period of eight cultivar replacements,the frequency of cultivars carried dominant Vrn-D1 and Vrn-B1 gene presented different tendency with the frequency of winter-spring habit cultivars.However,compared with the traditional method of defining the winter-spring trait,it was insufficient to confirm the variety winter-spring trait only according to the existing of vernalization genes.It would be more useful to differentiate the winter-spring characteristic of the cultivars combined the vernalization with traditional method in the Yellow and Huai River valley winter wheat zone.