| Institution: | 1. The Cook Inlet Beluga Whale Photo-ID Project, Anchorage, Alaska;2. Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, Seattle, Washington;3. Ecology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana;4. The Cook Inlet Beluga Whale Photo-ID Project, Anchorage, Alaska
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, ?Investigation, Validation, Writing - review & editing;5. 673d CES/CEIEC, Conservation Department, Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson, Alaska;6. Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, Alaska;7. Alaska Veterinary Pathology Service, Eagle River, Alaska;8. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida;9. Knik Tribe, Wasilla, Alaska |
| Abstract: | Mortality is a demographic metric crucial for understanding the dynamics of endangered populations such as Cook Inlet beluga whales (CIBWs, Delphinapterus leucas), but patterns of mortality are currently not well understood for CIBWs, making decisions about recovery actions challenging. We combined long-term photo-ID data from approximately 420 individual belugas identified during the period 2005–2017 with stranding data from 95 dead belugas to identify patterns of mortality with respect to age, sex, geographic range, cause of death, and to estimate minimum mortality rates. Reported mortality was greatest for adults of reproductive age, followed by calves, with fewer subadults and no adults older than 49 years in the stranding data set despite lifespans of 70+ years reported in other beluga populations. Dead females and males were evenly represented. Live stranding was the predominant assigned cause of death but represented only ~33% of deaths of known cause. Causal factors for the majority of deaths and live strandings are unknown. Annual mortality estimated from reported carcasses relative to total population size averaged 2.2%. Our analysis advances our current understanding of mortality patterns in CIBWs but linking a greater proportion of carcasses to photo-ID individuals would further improve our understanding; we conclude with recommendations for achieving this. |
