CIA2 and CIA2-LIKE are required for optimal photosynthesis and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana |
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Authors: | Piotr Gawroński Paweł Burdiak Lars B. Scharff Jakub Mielecki Magdalena Górecka Magdalena Zaborowska Dario Leister Cezary Waszczak Stanisław Karpiński |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland;2. Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871 Denmark;3. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw, 02-106 Poland;4. Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhadernerstraße 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152 Germany;5. Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland |
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Abstract: | Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for cell function, acclimation to fluctuating environmental conditions, plant growth and development. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded, and must be imported into the organelle after synthesis in the cytoplasm. This import is essential for the development of fully functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, functional chloroplasts act as sensors of environmental changes and can trigger acclimatory responses that influence nuclear gene expression. Signaling via mobile transcription factors (TFs) has been recently recognized as a way of communication between organelles and the nucleus. In this study, we performed a targeted reverse genetic screen to identify dual-localized TFs involved in chloroplast retrograde signaling during stress responses. We found that CHLOROPLAST IMPORT APPARATUS 2 (CIA2) has a functional plastid transit peptide, and can be located both in chloroplasts and the nucleus. Further, we found that CIA2, along with its homolog CIA2-like (CIL) are involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis responses to UV-AB, high light and heat shock. Finally, our results suggest that both CIA2 and CIL are crucial for chloroplast translation. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of signaling events in the chloroplast-nucleus cross-talk. |
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Keywords: | Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast retrograde signaling CIA2 CIL non-photochemical quenching photosynthesis thermo- and photooxidative stress tolerance chloroplast translation |
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