Beam characterisation studies of the 62 MeV proton therapy beamline at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cockcroft Institute, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom;2. University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, United Kingdom;3. The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral CH63 4JY, United Kingdom;4. University College London, University of London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;5. John Adams Institute at Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University Vienna, Austria;2. Division of Radiation Therapy, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. University of Applied Science Wiener, Neustadt, Austria;4. MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria;1. Department of Medical Imaging, CHU Nimes, Univ Montpellier, Medical Imaging Group Nimes, EA 2415, Nîmes, France;2. Service d’imagerie médicale, GIE Imagerie, Institut de Cancérologie du Gard, Nîmes, France;3. GE Healthcare, Buc, France;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA;3. School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China;1. School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia;2. The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID17 Biomedical Beamline, Grenoble, France;3. Inserm UA7 STROBE, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France;4. Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom;5. Radiation Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;6. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia;7. Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia;8. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Australia;9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;10. Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Melbourne, Australia;11. Radiation Analytics, Brisbane, Australia;1. Radiation Physics Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;2. Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;3. Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;4. Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;5. Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada;6. Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada;7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC) in the United Kingdom is the world’s first hospital proton beam therapy facility, providing treatment for ocular cancers since 1989. A 62 MeV beam of protons is produced by a Scanditronix cyclotron and transported through a passive delivery system. In addition to the long history of clinical use, the facility supports a wide programme of experimental work and as such, an accurate and reliable simulation model of the treatment beamline is highly valuable. However, as the facility has seen several changes to the accelerator and beamline over the years, a comprehensive study of the CCC beam dynamics is needed to firstly examine the beam optics. An extensive analysis was required to overcome facility related constraints to determine fundamental beamline parameters and define an optical lattice written with the Methodical Accelerator Design (MAD-X) and the particle tracking Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) code. An optimised case is presented and simulated results of the optical functions, beam distribution, losses and the transverse rms beam sizes along the beamline are discussed. Corresponding optical and beam information was used in TOPAS to simulate transverse beam profiles and compared to EBT3 film measurements. We provide an overview of the magnetic components, beam transport, cyclotron, beam and treatment related parameters necessary for the development of a present day optical model of the facility. This work represents the first comprehensive study of the CCC facility to date, as a basis to determine input beam parameters to accurately simulate and completely characterise the beamline. |
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| Keywords: | Proton therapy Passive delivery Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling Beam optics |
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