Estimates of the number of patients with high cumulative doses through recurrent CT exams in 35 OECD countries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;2. Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany;1. Medical Physics Unit, McGill University and Cedars Cancer Center, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montréal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada;1. ENEA-IRP, Radiation Protection Institute, Bologna, Italy;2. Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia;3. National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine;4. KIT, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;5. Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (CRCE), PHE, Chilton, UK;6. Biomedical Engineering Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, USA;7. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, C2TN, Bobadela, Portugal;8. Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;9. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;10. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;1. Division of Radiotherapy, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;2. Medical Physics Unit, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;3. Clinical Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Str. Campeggi, 53, 27100, Pavia, Italy;4. Unit of Medical Physics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy;5. Department of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian, 1, 20133 Milano, Italy;6. Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy;7. Division of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;8. Scientific Directorate, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;1. Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;2. Radiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA (Retd.);3. Traumatology, Dr. Manninger Jenő Trauma Center, Budapest, Hungary;4. Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea;5. Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USA;6. Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada;7. Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea;8. Cardiovascular Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;9. Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA;10. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Japan;11. Radiology Clinic and Nuclear Medicine, University of Szeged, Hungary;12. Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria;13. Medical Physics, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, China;1. Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Radiation Safety Institute, P.O. Box 3001, Khartoum, Sudan;2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, AL- Madina al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo estimate the number of patients in OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries who receive a cumulative effective dose (CED) ≥ 100 mSv from recurrent computed tomography (CT) exams.MethodsTaking into account recently published data on the number of CTs per patient and the fraction of patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv as well as country-specific data for the number of CT exams/1,000 population from OECD publication, this paper makes estimations for 35 OECD countries.ResultsThe estimated total number of patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv for all 35 OECD countries combined in a 5-year period is around 2.5 million (2,493,685) in a population of 1.2 billion (1,176,641,900), i.e., 0.21% of the population. Expressed per 1,000 population, the range is from 0.51 for Finland to 2.94 for the US, a nearly six-fold difference. Countries with more than 2 patients with CED ≥ 100 mSv in a 5-yr period per 1,000 population are: Belgium, France, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Portugal, Turkey, and US.ConclusionsThe first estimates of the number of patients likely receiving CED ≥ 100 mSv through recurrent CT exams in 35 OECD countries indicate that 2.5 million patients reach this level in a 5-year period. There is an urgent need for various stakeholders including medical physicists, referring physicians, health policy makers, manufacturers of CT equipment and epidemiologists to attend to the issue in the interest of patient radiation safety. |
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| Keywords: | CT imaging High cumulative dose Radiation dose OECD countries Cumulative effective dose Effective dose Patient radiation safety |
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