Direct biosynthesis of adipic acid from lignin-derived aromatics using engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea;2. College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea;3. School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea;1. Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;2. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan;3. Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan;4. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 035-8561, Japan;5. Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan;1. Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany;2. Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Germany;3. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany;4. Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry (ISEC), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Germany;1. National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;2. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Rd, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY 12180, USA |
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| Abstract: | Lignin is one largely untapped natural resource that can be exploited as a raw material for the bioproduction of value-added chemicals. Meanwhile, the current petroleum-based process for the production of adipic acid faces sustainability challenges. Here we report the successful engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strain for the direct biosynthesis of adipic acid from lignin-derived aromatics. The devised bio-adipic acid route features an artificial biosynthetic pathway that is connected to the endogenous aromatics degradation pathway of the host at the branching point, 3-ketoadipoyl-CoA, by taking advantage of the unique carbon skeleton of this key intermediate. Studies of the metabolism of 3-ketoadipoyl-CoA led to the discovery of crosstalk between two aromatics degradation pathways in KT2440. This knowledge facilitated the formulation and implementation of metabolic engineering strategies to optimize the carbon flux into the biosynthesis of adipic acid. By optimizing pathway expression and cultivation conditions, an engineered strain AA-1 produced adipic acid at 0.76 g/L and 18.4% molar yield under shake-flask conditions and 2.5 g/L and 17.4% molar yield under fermenter-controlled conditions from common aromatics that can be derived from lignin. This represents the first example of the direct adipic acid production from model compounds of lignin depolymerization. |
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| Keywords: | Adipic acid Lignin Direct biosynthesis 3-Ketoadipoyl-CoA |
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