Life-span growth dynamics and xylem anatomical patterns of diffuse-porous Afzelia africana Sm. (Fabaceae) in different ecological zones in Burkina Faso |
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| Institution: | 1. WASCAL Graduate Research Program on Climate Change and Biodiversity, University Félix Houphoüet Boigny, B.P. 165 Abidjan 31, Côte d’Ivoire;2. University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, 03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso;3. World Agroforestry Center, 30677 Nairobi, Kenya;4. Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Geography, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;1. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh;3. Wood Biology Service, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, Belgium;4. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh;1. Departamento de Botánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;2. Área de Botánica, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, EiFAB, Universidad de Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain;1. National Agrarian University La Molina. Faculty of Forest Sciences, Herbarium MOL, Peru;2. Department of Forest Sciences, Wood Anatomy and Tree-Ring Laboratory, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz’’, ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13.418-900, Brazil;1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, P.O. 11790, Cairo, Egypt;2. Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;1. WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Landscape Dynamics, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland;2. Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 655017 Abakan, Russia;1. WASCAL Graduate Research Program on Climate Change and Biodiversity, Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan 31, BP 165, Côte d’Ivoire;2. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;3. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), ICRAF-WCA/Sahel, BP E5118 Bamako, Mali;4. Departments of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex St. 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;5. Institut D’Economie Rurale (IER), Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de Sikasso, ESPGRN, BP 186 Sikasso, Mali |
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| Abstract: | Tropical West African savannas are exposed to high climatic variability with potential impacts on tree growth, forest dynamics and ecosystem productivity. In such context, understanding the long-term ecological responses of savanna trees to changing environmental conditions is of great relevance for taking appropriate conservation actions. We conducted the first study on tree-ring analysis and quantitative wood anatomy on Afzelia africana Sm. in Burkina Faso, to investigate the life-span growth trajectories and wood anatomical adjustment to site and to climate variations. A total of 24 stem discs was collected in four protected forests along the Sudano-sahelian and the Sudanian climatic zones. Wood samples were analyzed using standard dendrochronological methods and quantitative wood anatomy. The mean annual growth rates varied from 1.002 (± 0.249) mm. year?1 in the Sudanian zone to 1.128 (± 0.436) mm. year?1 in the Sudano-sahelian zone. Analysis of growth trajectories showed high variations within sites and between climatic zones. Wood anatomical traits significantly varied between sites. Principal Component Analysis revealed strong relationships between ring width, wood density and vessel traits, with 82.81 % of the total variance explained. Vessel size significantly increased from the pith to the bark, highlighting the ontogenetic effects on xylem anatomical variations. Inverse relationships were found between vessel size and vessel density across the driest site and the wettest site, suggesting that the higher the rainfall, the taller the tree, the larger vessel size, but the lower vessel density. By contrast, more arid conditions and high evapotranspiration lead to smaller vessel sizes and higher vessel density. Such anatomical adjustments highlight the trade-offs between water conductance efficiency and hydraulic safety, and emphasize physiological responses to climate variability. These variations on the long-term dynamics and xylem anatomical patterns underline complex interactions between ontogenetic effects and contrasting environmental factors that affect the eco-physiological functioning of A. africana throughout the Sudanian region. |
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| Keywords: | Growth trajectory Wood anatomy Vessel adjustment Tropical dendroecology Sudanian savannas |
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