National survey to set diagnostic reference levels in nuclear medicine single photon emission imaging in Croatia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University Hospital Rijeka, Department for Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Krešimirova 42, Rijeka, Croatia;2. General Hospital Pula, Department of Radiology, Santoriova 24a, Pula, Croatia;3. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Nuclear Medicine Department, Braće Branchetta 20/1, Rijeka, Croatia;4. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Rijeka, Croatia;5. University Hospital Center Zagreb, Division of Medical Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, Kišpatićeva ulica 12, Zagreb, Croatia;6. University Hospital Dubrava, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, Zagreb, Croatia;7. Osijek University Hospital, Department of Medical Physics, Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, Croatia;8. University Hospital Centre Split, Department of Medical Physics, Spinčićeva 1, Split, Croatia;9. University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Department of Medical Physics, Vinogradska 29, Zagreb, Croatia;10. General Hospital Pula, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zagrebačka 34, Pula, Croatia;11. General Hospital Šibenik, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nuclear Medicine, Bože Peričića 16, 22000 Šibenik, Croatia;12. General Hospital Varaždin, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ivana Meštrovića 1, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia;13. General Hospital Zadar, Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Bože Peričića 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;14. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Department, Rijeka, Croatia;15. International Atomic Energy Agency, Radiation Protection of Patients Unit, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria;1. Medical Physics Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain;2. Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain;3. Radiology Department, Complutense University, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany;2. Science & Technology for Radiology – SASCRAD, Buchholz, Germany;3. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of the Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany;4. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;1. Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Proton Therapy Center, 1570 N 115th St., Seattle, WA 98133, USA;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA;3. Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;4. Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA;1. Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;2. Department for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, City Hospital Waid, Zurich, Switzerland;3. Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Nuclear Medicine, Wiener Neustadt, Austria;4. University Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland;1. “VINCA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of Thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;2. Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia;3. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, Novi Sad, Serbia;4. University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia;5. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia;6. Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium;7. School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia |
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| Abstract: | PurposeIn order to introduce the concept of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in the national nuclear medicine practice a survey was proposed and completed through all nuclear medicine departments in Croatia. An additional aim was to increase the awareness of importance and full implementation of a comprehensive quality program that includes devices used in the nuclear medicine chain.MethodsData were collected for more than 30 nuclear medicine single photon emission procedures. National DRLs (NDRLs) as administered activity and also as administered activity per unit mass were calculated in accordance to International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations. Additionally, effective doses were estimated using conversion factors published by the ICRP.ResultsNDRLs for nuclear medicine single photon emission procedures were proposed. For procedures performed in only one department typical values were presented as reference. Effective doses related to applied radiopharmaceuticals were calculated to estimate radiation risk related to respective nuclear medicine procedure in more detail.ConclusionThis work presents results of the first national survey on DRLs of nuclear medicine single photon emission procedures and proposes reliable NDRLs that represent an actual status of nuclear medicine practice in Croatia. Results have motivated departments to introduce and set their own typical values to be used, as one of the tools, for further optimization process. One of the drawbacks of the DRL concept in nuclear medicine is the lack of the image quality parameters involved. For this reason, a quantity that considers both radiation protection and image quality should be introduced. |
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| Keywords: | Diagnostic reference level Nuclear medicine Administered activity Administered activity per unit mass |
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