生物质能源植物种植对生物多样性的影响

随着化石燃料资源的减少和全球环境问题的加剧, 全球生物质能源的生产增长迅速, 生物质能源植物种植面积不断增长。全球生物质能源植物的大面积种植对生物多样性造成了严重影响: 不但直接或间接侵占了大片自然或半自然生态系统, 造成生物原生栖息地的退化和消失, 而且还易造成生态系统单一并改变生态系统结构与功能, 加剧面源污染, 引起外来种入侵, 甚至增加了转基因生物安全风险。为减少生物质能源植物种植对生物多样性的影响, 政府或相关单位需制订可持续发展的生物质能源生产管理规范, 合理规划以避免在生物多样性丰富或脆弱区种植生物质能源植物, 积极开发新技术并改变生物质能源原料的利用效益, 加强生产方式管理并改变传统种植模式。

Reviews of the effects of the cultivation of bioenergy plants on biodiversity

With the decrease in fossil fuel resources and the aggravation of global environmental problems, the global production of biomass energy has grown rapidly, and the cultivation area for bioenergy plants has increased. In this paper, we review the effects of the cultivation of bioenergy plants on biodiversity and proposed key measures and countermeasures for mitigating such effects to provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of bioenergy plants in China and for reducing their effects on biodiversity. The cultivation of bioenergy plants over large areas has directly or indirectly occupied large parts of natural or semi-natural ecosystems, leading to the deterioration and disappearance of natural habitats. Moreover, such changes easily cause the ecosystem to become simplified and change the structure and functions of the ecosystem, exacerbating non-point source pollution, facilitating invasions of alien species, and even increasing the risks posed by genetically modified organisms. To mitigate the effects on biodiversity produced by the cultivation of bioenergy plants, the government or the relevant agencies need to establish production management standards for the sustainable development of biomass energy and conduct reasonable planning to avoid the production of bioenergy plants in areas of rich biodiversity or in areas where biodiversity is vulnerable, to actively develop new technologies and change the efficiency of use of raw materials associated with biomass energy, and to strengthen production mode management and change traditional planting patterns.