山西晋中庆城林场华北豹及其主要猎物种群的红外相机监测

华北豹(Panthera pardus japonesis)是中国特有的豹亚种。由于长期缺乏有效的科学调查, 目前对其分布、种群及动态、行为、猎物现状等基础信息不清。在2007-2014年期间, 本研究应用红外相机技术(camera trap)对山西晋中庆城林场的华北豹种群开展了长达7年的连续监测。先后监测到14只华北豹, 其中成年个体11只(3♀, 8♂), 幼体3只, 成年雌雄比例为0.375; 在其间出现了2次繁殖。该区域主要的有蹄类猎物为野猪(Sus scrofa)和西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus), 其相对密度分别为4.16和3.48, 绝对密度分别为1.35只/km²和3.61只/km²。

Using camera trap to monitor a North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonesis) population and their main ungulate prey

North Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonesis) is an endemic subspecies of the leopard in China. The basic ecological data of the leopard, such as the distribution, population and it’s dynamic, behavior, prey, is least known for lacking of a long-term study. The present paper reported a 7-year monitoring and survey on North Chinese leopard and it’s prey in Qingcheng Forest Farm of Jinzhong prefecture, Shanxi using camera traps. The monitoring recorded 14 individuals of leopard, with 11 adults (3 females and 8 males) and 3 cubs between May of 2007 and April of 2014. A residential female leopard bred 3 cubs in 2008 and 2009. The main prey of ungulates is wild boar (Sus scrofa) and roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). The relative abundance index (RAI) of wild boar and roe deer were 4.16 and 1.35 individuals/km², and absolute density were 3.48 and 3.61 individuals/km² , respectively.