运用植物区系质量指数快速评估湿地植被恢复成效

目前通常采用的评估湿地保护和恢复成效的指标体系较为复杂, 常涉及生物学、环境科学和社会学等多个学科, 导致监测评估成本高, 并难以实现综合的定量评估, 因此有必要提出能够在较大程度上表达生态环境状况的综合生态指标。植物区系质量指数(Floristic Quality Assessment Index, FQAI)反映了植物区系中物种的生态保守性程度, 作者将其作为主要生态指标, 来验证该指标用于湿地植被恢复成效定量评估的有效性。作者以四川盆地丘陵和平原地区湿地植物为对象, 构建了区域库塘及河滩湿地植物区系质量指数计算方法与赋值表, 以成都市重要水源地——云桥湿地的3年生态恢复成效为案例进行了检验。结果表明, 在云桥湿地3年恢复期间, 植物物种组成及其比例在恢复年限间无显著差异, Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数在3年中也并未发生显著变化, 但生态保守性系数平均值(CC_mean)和植物区系质量指数(FQAI)均随恢复年限显著上升, 表明FQAI可以快速、有效地实现生态系统水平湿地植被恢复成效的比较和定量评估。

A rapid and quantitative assessment of wetland vegetation restoration effects with Floristic Quality Assessment Index

Conventional assessment of wetland conservation/restoration effects usually involves monitoring of multiple variables and requires interdisciplinary expertise in biology, environmental sciences and socioeconomics. As China is putting huge efforts into restoring degraded wetlands, fast and cost-effective methodologies for quantitative assessment of the conservation effects are crucial and in great need. For three years, we studied a former paddy field that was recently rehabilitated to a forested wetland in Yunqiao, southwest China. Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) was used as an ecological indicator to monitor rehabilitation progress with repeat yearly samplings of plant species information along four parallel fixed line-transects in the wetland. The conservative values were calculated for each species based on evaluation of all wetland plants in the floristic area. The results showed that both the mean coefficient of conservatism (CC_mean) and the FQAI increased significantly, while no clear trends were presented by the species diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou index) over the three year sampling period, suggesting FQAI is a promising and effective ecological indicator for rapid and quantitative measurement of vegetative rehabilitation effects in wetlands.