Molecular phylogeny,diagnostics, and diversity of plant‐parasitic nematodes of the genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae) |
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| Authors: | Sergei A. Subbotin John J. Chitambar Vlamidir N. Chizhov Jason D. Stanley Renato N. Inserra Marcelo E. Doucet Michael McClure Weimin Ye Dimitre S. Mollov Carolina Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete Nicola Vovlas Esther Van Den Berg Pablo Castillo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, , Sacramento, CA, 95832‐1448 USA;2. Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov, Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow, 117071 Russia;3. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, DPI, Nematology Section, , Gainesville, FL, 32614‐7100 USA;4. Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, , Argentina;5. School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, , Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA;6. Nematode Assay Section, Agronomic Division, North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, , Raleigh, NC, 27699‐1040 USA;7. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, , St. Paul, MN, 55108 USA;8. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, , 14080 Córdoba, Spain;9. Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), Sezione di Bari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (C.N.R.), , 70126 Bari, Italy;10. National Collection of Nematodes, Biosystematics Programme, ARC‐Plant Protection Research Institute, , Queenswood, 0121 South , Africa |
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| Abstract: | The genus Hemicycliophora (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae) contains 132 valid species of plant‐parasitic nematodes, collectively known as ‘sheath nematodes’. Hemicycliophora spp. are characterized morphologically by a long stylet with rounded basal knobs and a cuticular sheath, present in juvenile and adult stages. Populations of 20 valid and 14 putative species of Hemicycliophora and Loofia from several countries were characterized morphologically using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecularly using the D2‐D3 segments of 28S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene sequences. LM and SEM observations provided new details on the morphology of these species. PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR‐RFLPs) of the D2‐D3 of 28S rDNA were proposed for identification of the species. Phylogenetic relationships within populations of 36 species of the genus Hemicycliophora using 102 D2‐D3 of 28S rDNA and 97 ITS rRNA gene sequences as inferred from Bayesian analysis are reconstructed and discussed. Ancestral state reconstructions of diagnostic characters (body and stylet length, number of body annuli, shape of vulval lip and tail), using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference, revealed that none of the traits are individually reliable characters for classifying the studied sheath nematode. The Shimodaira–Hasegawa test rejected the validity of the genus Loofia. This is the most complete phylogenetic analysis of Hemicycliophora species conducted so far. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London |
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| Keywords: | ancestral state reconstructions Bayesian inference cryptic species D2‐D3 PCR‐ITS‐RFLP rDNA sheath nematodes |
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